Table 2 Comparison of several types of patient-derived xenograft models
From: Patient-derived xenografts as compatible models for precision oncology
PDX model | Advantage | Challenges |
|---|---|---|
Subcutaneous model | • Easy procedure • Minimized tissue damage of mice • Easy evaluation of tumor growth • Maintaining tumor architecture and clonality | • Lack of proper tumor microenvironment • Lack of metastasis |
Orthotopic model | • Preservation of microenvironment of primary tumor • Spontaneous metastasis | • Requirement of microsurgical skills • Imaging equipment required for longitudinal study |
Subrenal model | • Increased blood supply for tumor growth | • Requirement of microsurgical skills • Imaging equipment required for longitudinal study |
Humanized model | • Reconstitution of human immune cells • Evaluation of cancer immunotherapy | • Requirement of long time for humanization and PDX generation • Limited reconstitution of human immune system |
Stromal cell co-implantation model | • Supply of human stromal cells in tumor microenvironment | • Change of tumor characteristics by stomal cells |
Circulating tumor cell (CTC)-derived model | • Minimally invasive in patient • Easy to obtain samples • Applicable for otherwise unavailable tumor specimens • Preservation of intra-tumoral heterogeneity | • Requirement of technique for the enrichment of CTCs • Variable concentration of CTCs in blood |