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Table 2 Experimental animal models for diabetic complications

From: Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications—a review

Diabetic complications

Animal Model

Characterization

References

Diabetic neuropathy

STZ induced rat model

Reduced fibre size of the peroneal nerve and axon than that of the myelin sheath with impaired motor function

[139]

C57BL/KS (db/db) mice

Decreased sensory nerve conduction velocity and density of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF)

[140]

Ischemic reperfusion injury model

Decreased serum IL-10 level and nerve conduction velocity and nerve fibre density

[141]

Chinese Hamster

Reduced conduction velocity

[142]

Obese Rh Monkey

Reduced conduction velocity and prolonged duration of F-wave latencies

[143]

Diabetic nephropathy

NOD mice

Enlarged glomeruli and mesangial sclerosis

[146]

C57BL/6

Albuminuria and reduced renal functions

[147]

GK rat

Thickening of glomeruli leading to glomerular hypertrophy

[148]

Zucker diabetic fatty rat

Glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and renal hypertrophy

[149]

Zebra fish

Over expression of CIN85/RukL causing edema

[150]

Diabetic retinopathy

Alloxan induced model

Microaneurysms with increased acellular capillaries

[153]

Akita mice

Decreased number of amacrine and ganglion cells

[154]

db/db mouse

Reduced number of Retinal ganglion cells with thickened retina

[153]

Surgical model

Formation of proliferative and contractile cellular membranes in the retina

[155]

Zebra fish

Degradation and thinning of retina

[156]

Diabetic cardiomyopathy

Alloxan induced model

Formation of advanced glycation end products leading to oxidative stress

[158]

BB rats

Reduced calcium—stimulated ATPase activity and cardiac contractility

[159]

OLETF rats

Alteration in left ventricular diastolic function

[161]

STZ induced model

Fibrosis and apoptosis leading to myocardial damage

[162]

GK rats

Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidaemia and cardiac cell death

[163]