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Table 2 Reference values for biochemical parameters of Indian rhesus monkeys aged 3–7 years

From: Hematological and biochemical reference intervals of wild-caught and inhouse adult Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Parameters (units)

Inhouse

Wild-sourced

Male

Female

Male

Female

GLU (mg/dL)

79.18 ± 13.63 (42)

78.03 ± 15.30 (22)

87.01 ± 24.52 (42)

80.29 ± 22.87 (15)

TG (mg/dL)

62.18 ± 34.08 (41)

56.99 ± 21.08 (18)

53.23 ± 21.82 (42)

68.81 ± 29.92 (15)$

TCHO (mg/dL)

131.5 ± 28.00 (41)

131.8 ± 26.85 (18)

121.4 ± 22.04 (42)

112.6 ± 23.82 (15)*

AST (U/L)

46.98 ± 29.18 (42)

43.73 ± 15.37 (22)

36.45 ± 10.49 (42)*

41.83 ± 27.56 (15)

ALT (U/L)

54.56 ± 29.38 (42)

47.70 ± 20.84 (22)

37.92 ± 22.85 (42)****

37.91 ± 18.62 (15)

ALP (U/L)

490.5 ± 206.8 (41)

547.5 ± 245.1 (22)

548.9 ± 181.2 (42)

514.1 ± 157.6 (15)

GGT (U/L)

87.39 ± 60.03 (41)

74.88 ± 27.35 (17)

54.23 ± 10.18 (42)****

52.05 ± 10.59 (15)**

TBIL (mg/dL)

0.1855 ± 0.06653 (31)

0.1825 ± 0.05604 (16)

0.2079 ± 0.05010 (14)

0.2250 ± 0.06565 (6)

TP (g/dL)

7.943 ± 0.5061 (42)

7.618 ± 0.5270 (22)$

8.445 ± 0.5429 (42)****

8.320 ± 0.9420 (15)*

ALB (g/dL)

4.857 ± 0.4676 (42)

4.645 ± 0.4606 (22)$

4.455 ± 0.4717 (42)****

4.253 ± 0.6927 (15)*

GLB (g/dL)

3.086 ± 0.4409 (42)

2.973 ± 0.3561 (22)

3.990 ± 0.6374 (42)****

4.067 ± 1.109 (15)**

CREA (mg/dL)

1.016 ± 0.2007 (42)

0.8423 ± 0.1357 (22)$$$$

0.7367 ± 0.1336 (42)****

0.7287 ± 0.2359 (15)**

CK (U/L)

264.3 ± 295.6 (38)

291.6 ± 472.1 (22)

194.9 ± 102.0 (42)

197.6 ± 74.34 (15)

Na+ (mmol/L)

153.1 ± 3.524 (40)

153.2 ± 5.739 (17)

151.9 ± 3.944 (42)

151.3 ± 5.024 (15)

K+ (mmol/L)

4.742 ± 0.6323 (40)

4.385 ± 0.4047 (17)$

5.166 ± 0.7362 (42)**

5.157 ± 0.9364 (15)**

Cl (mmol/L)

105.9 ± 2.077 (40)

107.1 ± 3.650 (17)

105.5 ± 2.916 (42)

105.5 ± 2.646 (15)

Ca (mg/dL)

10.75 ± 0.5209 (42)

10.30 ± 0.3773 (22)$$$

10.41 ± 0.5331 (42)**

10.53 ± 0.7611 (15)

Phos (mg/dL)

5.988 ± 1.339 (42)

5.545 ± 1.404 (22)

6.343 ± 1.078 (42)

5.407 ± 1.220 (15)$$

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD
  2. p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Numbers in parentheses indicate the sample size for individual parameters
  3. * = indicates varying degrees of statistical significance between inhouse and wild-sourced animals, $ = indicates varying degrees of statistical significance between male and female animals