Fig. 1
From: Chlorogenic acid modulates the ubiquitin–proteasome system in stroke animal model
Neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. Neurobehavioral corner test (A), vibrissae-evoked forelimb placement test (B), hematoxylin and eosin staining (C–E) in the vehicle + MCAO, CGA + MCAO, vehicle + sham, and CGA + sham animals. CGA attenuated MCAO-induced neurobehavioral deficits and histopathological changes. Square indicates the representative area of high magnification image. Damaged area was calculated as the ratio of infarct area to total brain area (D). Black arrows indicate condensed and shrunken nuclei, and white arrows indicate vacuolated and swollen forms (E). Scale bar = 100 μm. Data (A and B, n = 14; D and F n = 4) are represented as the mean ± S.E.M. * p < 0.05