Table 1 Experimental rat and mice model for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
From: Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications—a review
Method of induction | Model animal | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Chemical induction | Alloxan induced model | Selective inhibition of glucose stimulated insulin secretion | [41] |
Streptozotocin induced model | Damages the pancreatic β cell thereby causing hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia | [164] | |
Spontaneous auto immune | NOD mice | Polygenic model of Type 1 Diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia and leukocytic infiltration of the pancreatic islet of Langerhans | [11] |
BB rats | Spontaneously develop hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis that characterize the clinical onset of Type I Diabetes | [11] | |
KDP rats | Spontaneous animal model with nonsense mutation in the Cblb and is a model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes | [68] | |
LETL | Spontaneously developed autoimmune diabetes model without lymphopenia | [67] | |
LEW-iddm | Spontaneously develops insulin dependent autoimmune diabetes through pancreatic β cell apoptosis | [11] | |
Genetically induced | AKITA mice | Genetically induced monogenic model that develops insulin dependent diabetes | [11] |
Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats | Developed with missense mutation in the leptin receptor gene. It develops obesity without diabetes and is used in the study of type 2 diabetes | [165] | |
db/db | Diabetic model of type 2 diabetes having a mutation in the gene encoding leptin receptor | [165] | |
GK rats | Polygenic model that develops adult onset type 2 diabetes earlier in their life | [166] | |
Zucker fatty rats | Genetic obese model characterized by hyperlipidaemia and hypoinsulinemia | [167] | |
Genetically engineered | KK mouse | Polygenic diabetic model that exhibit type 2 diabetes associated with hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and microalbuminaria | [168] |
Obese hyperglycemic mice | Used as Obesity model since these are overweight and hyperphagic from its young age and lack functional leptin | [167] | |
Surgical | Pancreatectomy model | Resemble type 2 diabetes since pancreatic beta cell mass gets reduced when certain percentage of pancreas is removed | [169] |
Virus induced | Coxsackie B virus induced model | Develops insulin dependent diabetes mellitus as a result of re stimulation of resulting auto reactive T cells | [170] |
EMC virus induced model | Develops Diabetes mellitus by selective destruction of β cells | [171] |