Fig. 1

Brain intravital imaging. A Each image represents the setup of mouse brain imaging with the chamber for two-photon intravital imaging. Anesthetized mouse was put in a customized chamber to hold the skull and maintain body temperature. A craniotomy was conducted to expose the cortex surface. The exposed cortex was covered with cover glass (3–5 mm), and the metal ring was placed parallel to the brain structure (upper panels). The cranial window of the mouse brain was connected to a water-immersed lens for imaging capture. Next, the lens in the cranial window was immersed in PBS (bottom panels). B A snapshot of two-photon intravital imaging of the mouse brain is displayed. The bloodstream in this imaging was visualized with Texas Red-dextran (70 kDa, 2.5 mg/kg). Scale bar: 50 μm