Fig. 2

Handling and training methods of rodents according to the refinement principles. (A) Small tunnels, initially introduced as enriching elements within the home cage, serve a dual purpose by also becoming valuable tools for lifting the animals later. This method allows for gentle and non-invasive handling, as rodents naturally seek refuge in small, enclosed spaces. By incorporating these tunnels into their environment, researchers can establish a sense of familiarity and security, making it easier to handle the animals without causing undue stress. (B) A soft and comforting mat tailored for animals is depicted as another handling method. This mat not only provides a cozy resting surface but also facilitates gentle and stress-free animal handling. By using materials that are comfortable and familiar to the animals, researchers can create a positive association with handling procedures, reducing anxiety, and promoting cooperation. (C) Before saphenous vein sampling, familiarizing animals with technician grips and shaving machine sounds ensures well-trained and cooperative animals without the need for restraint. This training method involves exposing the animals to the sensory cues associated with the sampling procedure in a non-threatening manner. By gradually introducing these stimuli and pairing them with positive experiences, such as treats or rewards, researchers can desensitize the animals to potentially stressful aspects of the procedure, resulting in smoother and more reliable data collection while minimizing discomfort for the animals