Fig. 2

Diabetes onset timeline of Part I. The 1st BG + day of each diabetic mouse in Part I is set as day 0 (aligned by the dashed line) and the corresponding days of diagnosis for 1st UG+, 2nd UG+, 2nd BG+, and cBG + are plotted accordingly to illustrate the onset timeline. The majority of mice (32/38) exhibit a simultaneous diagnosis of both 1st UG + and 1st BG + on the exact same day, represented by condensed open circles on day 0. The 5 open circles on the left indicate their 1st UG + day appearing a couple of days earlier than day 0, forming the 1st UG + first group. In the mouse with 1st BG + first, the 1st UG + day occurs four days after day 0, shown as the only open circle on the right of the dashed line. Symbols in the figure maintain consistency with those in Fig. 1, and group labels are displayed on the y-axis, with additional cBG + denoted by a reversed black triangle. This figure suggests that the UG test can predict the 1st BG + moment effectively and has the potential to replace routine weekly BG survey initially. Furthermore, 2nd BG + and cBG + can be uniformly diagnosed within days 3 to 5 in the acute onset group, a sharp contrast to the insidious onset group. To better distinguish these two onset types, frequent BG tests starting from day 0 are essential. Therefore, we next focus on using ultrasensitive UG tests to identify the 1st BG + moment of individual candidates and subsequently perform intensive BG tests to achieve early diagnosis as soon as possible