Fig. 6

BG levels at each diagnosis moment in Part II. Average BG levels are presented as mean ± SD on the right. Symbols maintain consistency with previous figures, and group labels are displayed on the y-axis. In instances where the 1st UG + and 1st BG + are identified on the same day (similarly for 2nd BG + and cBG+), they share the same BG level, represented as vertical lines. The average BG level at the 1st UG + moment is 316 ± 75 mg/dl, comparable to the cBG + moment of 347 ± 68 mg/dl when overt diabetes is validated. In contrast with the Part I study where cBG level was at 383 ± 74 mg/dl, an unpaired t test revealed a significantly lower BG level (p = 0.03) screened by this refined protocol. Tukey’s multiple comparison of ANOVA test revealed no statistically significant differences within any two of these values in Part II, suggesting rapid diagnosis within short period (mostly < 4 days) from 1st UG + moment to achieve a more efficient newly onset diagnosis