Skip to main content

Reference values of hematology, biochemistry, and blood type in cynomolgus monkeys from cambodia origin

Abstract

Cynomolgus monkeys as nonhuman primates are valuable animal models because they have a high level of human gene homology. There are many reference values for hematology and biochemistry of Cynomolgus monkeys that are needed for proper clinical diagnosis and biomedical research conduct. The body weight information and blood type are also key success factors in allogeneic or xenogeneic models. Moreover, the biological parameters could be different according to the origin of the Cynomolgus monkey. However, there are limited references provided, especially of Cambodia origin. In this study, we measured average body weight of 2,518 Cynomolgus monkeys and analyzed hematology and serum biochemistry using 119 males, and determined blood types in 642 monkeys with Cambodia origin. The average body weight of male Cynomolgus monkeys were 2.56±0.345 kg and female group was 2.43± 0.330 kg at the age from 2 to 3 years. The male group showed relatively sharp increased average body weight from the 3 to 4 age period compared to the female group. In hematology and biochemistry, it was found that most of the data was similar when compared to other references even though some results showed differences. The ABO blood type result showed that type A, B, AB, and O was approximately 15.6, 33.3, 44.2, and 6.9%, respectively. The main blood type in this facility was B and AB. These biological background references of Cambodia origin could be used to provide important information to researchers who are using them in their biomedical research.

References

  1. Sibal LR, Samson KJ. Nonhuman primates: a critical role in current disease research. ILAR J 2001; 42(2): 74–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. VandeBerg XL, Williams-Blangero S. Advantages and limitations of nonhuman primates as animal models in genetic research on complex diseases. J Med Primatol 1997; 26(3): 113–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dutrillaux B, Viegas-Pequignot E, Dubos C, Masse R. Complete or almost complete analogy of chromosome banding between the baboon (Papio papio) and man. Hum Genet 1978; 43(1): 37–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. VandeBerg XL, Williams-Blangero S. Advantages and limitations of nonhuman primates as animal models in genetic research on complex diseases. J Med Primatol 1997; 26(3): 113–119.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bonfanti U, Lamparelli D, Colombo P, Bernardi C. Hematology and serum chemistry parameters in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of Mauritius origin: comparison between purpose-bred and captured animals. J Med Primatol 2009; 38(4): 228–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Drevon-Gaillot E, Perron-Lepage MF, Clement C, Burnett R. A review of background findings in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from three different geographical origins. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2006; 58(2–3): 77–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Drevon-Gaillot E, Perron-Lepage MF, Clement C, Burnett R. A review of background findings in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) from three different geographical origins. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2006; 58(2–3): 77–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kimura N, Tanemura K, Nakamura S, Takashima A, Ono F, Sakakibara I, Ishii Y, Kyuwa S, Yoshikawa Y Age-related changes of Alzheimer’s disease-associated proteins in cynomolgus monkey brains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310(2): 303–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wu J, Basha MR, Brock B, Cox DP, Cardozo-Pelaez F, McPherson CA, Harry J, Rice DC, Maloney B, Chen D, Lahiri DK, Zawia NH. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology in aged monkeys after infantile exposure to environmental metal lead (Pb): evidence for a developmental origin and environmental link for AD. J Neurosci 2008; 28(1): 3–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jayo MJ, Jerome CP, Lees CJ, Rankin SE, Weaver DS. Bone mass in female cynomolgus macaques: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study by age. Calcif Tissue Int 1994; 54(3): 231–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Carlson CS, Loeser RF, Purser CB, Gardin JF, Jerome CP. Osteoarthritis in cynomolgus macaques. Ill: Effects of age, gender, and subchondral bone thickness on the severity of disease. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11(9): 1209–1217.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wagner JE, Kavanagh K, Ward GM, Auerbach BJ, Harwood HJ Jr, Kaplan JR. Old world nonhuman primate models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ILAR J 2006; 47(3): 259–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Schuurman HJ, Smith HT. Reference values for clinical chemistry and clinical hematology parameters in cynomolgus monkeys. Xenotransplantation 2005; 12(1): 72–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bonfanti U, Lamparelli D, Colombo P, Bernardi C. Hematology and serum chemistry parameters in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of Mauritius origin: comparison between purpose-bred and captured animals. J Med Primatol 2009; 38(4): 228–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Schuurman HJ, Smith HT. Reference values for clinical chemistry and clinical hematology parameters in cynomolgus monkeys. Xenotransplantation 2005; 12(1): 72–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Eudey AA. The Crab-Eating Macaque (Macaca fascicularis): Widespread and Rapidly Declining. Primate Conservation 2008; 23(1): 129–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Xie L, Xu F, Liu S, Ji Y, Zhou Q, Wu Q, Gong W, Cheng K, Li J, Li L, Fang L, Zhou L, Xie P. Age- and sex-based hematological and biochemical parameters for Macaca fascicularis. PLoS One 2013; 8(6): e64892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kanthaswamy S, Ng J, Satkoski Trask J, George DA, Kou AJ, Hoffman LN, Doherty TB, Houghton P, Smith DG The genetic composition of populations of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) used in biomedical research. J Med Primatol 2013; 42(3): 120–131.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kim TM, Park H, Cho K, Kim JS, Park MK, Choi JY, Park JB, Park WJ, Kim SJ. Comparison of Methods for Determining ABO Blood Type in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2015; 54(3): 255–260.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Kim C, Kwon M, Lee H, Han S, Heo J, Ha C, et al. Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Variables in Cynomolgus Monkeys. The Korean Journal of Laboratory Animal Science. 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kawai T, Cosimi AB, Colvin RB, Powelson J, Eason J, Kozlowski T, Sykes M, Monroy R, Tanaka M, Sachs DH. Mixed allogeneic chimerism and renal allograft tolerance in cynomolgus monkeys. Transplantation 1995; 59(2): 256–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Aoyama A, Tonsho M, Ng CY, Lee S, Millington T, Nadazdin O, Wain JC, Cosimi AB, Sachs DH, Smith RN, Colvin RB, Kawai T, Madsen JC, Benichou G, Allan JS. Long-term lung transplantation in nonhuman primates. Am J Transplant 2015; 15(5): 1415–1420.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Giulietti M, La Torre R, Pace M, Iale E, Patella A, Turillazzi P. Reference blood values of iron metabolism in cynomolgus macaques. Lab Anim Sci 1991; 41(6): 606–608.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sugimoto Y, Hanari K, Narita H, Honjo S. Normal hematologic values in the cynomolgus monkeys aged from 1 to 18 years. Jikken Dobutsu 1986; 35(4): 443–447.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Keiji T CHAPTER 11 - Management of Old World Primates. In: Sonia W-C, editor. The Laboratory Primate. London: Academic Press, 2005; pp 163–173.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Hall RL, Everds NE. Factors affecting the interpretation of canine and nonhuman primate clinical pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2003; 31 Suppl: 6–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Terao K, Fujimoto K, Cho F, Honjo S. Anti-A and anti-B blood group antibody levels in relation to age in cynomolgus monkeys. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1983; 36(5): 289–293.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Socha WW, Blancher A, Moor-Jankowski J. Red cell polymorphisms in nonhuman primates: a review. J Med Primatol 1995; 24(4): 282–305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wanje Park.

Rights and permissions

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Choi, K., Chang, J., Lee, MJ. et al. Reference values of hematology, biochemistry, and blood type in cynomolgus monkeys from cambodia origin. Lab Anim Res 32, 46–55 (2016). https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2016.32.1.46

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2016.32.1.46

Keywords