Skip to main content
Download PDF

Cardiopulmonary effects of thiopental versus propofol as an induction agent prior to isoflurane anesthesia in chair trained rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Laboratory Animal Research volume 32, pages 8–15 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thiopental versus propofol on cardiopulmonary functions, when used as an induction agent prior to isoflurane anesthesia in rhesus monkeys. Eight healthy rhesus monkeys weighing 3.72 to 5.7 kg, 4-5 years old, were used in the study. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental or propofol intravenous injection, and then maintained with isoflurane in oxygen for 45 minutes. Cardiopulmonary measurements were obtained before and 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after induction. The induction doses of thiopental and propofol were 19.41±0.54 and 9.33±1.02 mg/kg, respectively. In both groups, the values of heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, systolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pH, and lactate were decreased, while the values of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen, total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, oxygen saturation, and base excess in the extracellular fluid were increased, as compared with baseline. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in thiopental group compare to propofol group. Induction time was very short in both agents but not revealed a significant difference between both groups. However, recovery time was extremely faster in the propofol group. Our results demonstrated that propofol provides a minor suppression in systolic arterial blood pressure than thiopental sodium. In addition, propofol have a fast recovery effect from the anesthesia as well. Furthermore, it is suggested that thiopental sodium could also be used to induce anesthesia instead of propofol, despite slight more suppression of cardiopulmonary function compared to thiopental sodium.

References

  1. Bennett JS, Gossett KA, McCarthy MP, Simpson ED. Effects of ketamine hydrochloride on serum biochemical and hematologic variables in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Vet Clin Pathol 1992; 21(1): 15–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lee JI, Hong SH, Lee SJ, Kim YS, Kim MC. Immobilization with ketamine HCl and tiletamine-zolazepam in cynomolgus monkeys. J Vet Sci 2003; 4(2): 187–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Davy CW, Trennery PN, Edmunds JG, Altman JF, Eichler DA. Local myotoxicity of ketamine hydrochloride in the marmoset. Lab Anim 1987; 21(1): 60–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Settle TL, Rico PJ, Lugo-Roman LA. The effect of daily repeated sedation using ketamine or ketamine combined with medetomidine on physiology and anesthetic characteristics in rhesus macaques. J Med Primatol 2010; 39(1): 50–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Springer DA, Baker KC. Effect of ketamine anesthesia on daily food intake in Macaca mulatta and Cercopithecus aethiops. Am J Primatol 2007; 69(10): 1080–1092.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brainard BM, Campbell VL, Drobatz KJ, Perkowski SZ. The effects of surgery and anesthesia on blood magnesium and calcium concentrations in canine and feline patients. Vet Anaesth Analg 2007; 34(2): 89–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chang J, Kim S, Jung J, Lee H, Chang D, Lee Y, Lee I, Yoon J, Choi M. Evaluation of the effects of thiopental, propofol, and etomidate on glomerular filtration rate measured by the use of dynamic computed tomography in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72(1): 146–151.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Enouri SS, Kerr CL, McDonell WN, Dyson DH. Cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with a combination of medetomidine and hydromorphone. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69(5): 586–595.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kojima K, Nishimura R, Mutoh T, Hong SH, Mochizuki M, Sasaki N. Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol, and midazolam-butorphanol on induction dose of thiopental and propofol and on cardiopulmonary changes in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63(12): 1671–1679.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Turner DM, Ilkiw JE. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of three rapidly acting barbiturates in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1990; 51(4): 598–604.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Foster A, Zeller W, Pfannkuche HJ. Effect of thiopental, saffan, and propofol anesthesia on cardiovascular parameters and bronchial smooth muscle in the rhesus monkey. Lab Anim Sci 1996; 46(3): 327–334.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fayyaz S, Kerr CL, Dyson DH, Mirakhur KK. The cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with isoflurane, ketamine-diazepam or propofol-diazepam in the hypovolemic dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36(2): 110–123.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Aeschbacher G, Webb AI. Propofol in rabbits. 2. Long-term anesthesia. Lab Anim Sci 1993; 43(4): 328–335.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Quandt JE, Robinson EP, Rivers WJ, Raffe MR. Cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of propofol and thiopental in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1998; 59(9): 1137–1143.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee JI, Shin JS, Lee JE, Jung W Y, Lee G, Kim MS, Park CG, Kim SJ. Changes of N/L ratio and cortisol levels associated with experimental training in untrained rhesus macaques. J Med Primatol 2013; 42(1): 10–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Enlund M, Andersson J, Hartvig P, Valtysson J, Wiklund L. Cerebral normoxia in the rhesus monkey during isoflurane- or propofol-induced hypotension and hypocapnia, despite disparate blood-flow patterns. A positron emission tomography study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997; 41(8): 1002–1010.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Portier KG, Broillet A, Rioufol G, Lepage OM, Depecker M, Taborik F, Tranquart F, Contamin H. A novel minimal invasive closed chest myocardial ischaemia reperfusion model in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): improved stability of cardiorespiratory parameters. Lab Anim 2012; 46(2): 129–135.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mutoh T, Nishimura R, Kim H Y, Matsunaga S, Sasaki N. Cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane, compared with halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane, in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1997; 58(8): 885–890.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Fanton JW, Zarr SR, Ewert DL, Woods RW, Koenig SC. Cardiovascular responses to propofol and etomidate in long-term instrumented rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Comp Med 2000; 50(3): 303–308.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ator NA. Selectivity in generalization to GABAergic drugs in midazolam-trained baboons. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 75(2): 435–445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Martin LD, Dissen GA, McPike MJ, Brambrink AM. Effects of anesthesia with isoflurane, ketamine, or propofol on physiologic parameters in neonatal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2014; 53(3): 290–300.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Lugo-Roman LA, Rico PJ, Sturdivant R, Burks R, Settle TL. Effects of serial anesthesia using ketamine or ketamine/medetomidine on hematology and serum biochemistry values in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Med Primatol 2010; 39(1): 41–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Yun-Jung Choi, Hye-Jin Park, Hyeon-Ho Kim, Yun-Jin Lee, Kyeong-Cheon Jung, Seong-Hoe Park & Jae-Il Lee

  2. Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Yun-Jung Choi, Seong-Hoe Park & Jae-Il Lee

  3. Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Kyeong-Cheon Jung

Authors
  1. Yun-Jung Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hye-Jin Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hyeon-Ho Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yun-Jin Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kyeong-Cheon Jung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Seong-Hoe Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jae-Il Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jae-Il Lee.

Rights and permissions

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Choi, YJ., Park, HJ., Kim, HH. et al. Cardiopulmonary effects of thiopental versus propofol as an induction agent prior to isoflurane anesthesia in chair trained rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Lab Anim Res 32, 8–15 (2016). https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2016.32.1.8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2016.32.1.8

Keywords

  • Cardiopulmonary
  • thiopental
  • propofol
  • induction
  • rhesus monkey

Laboratory Animal Research

ISSN: 2233-7660